LONDON—Eighty-three animal charities from across the world, including Humane Society International, Change for Animals Foundation, the Jane Goodall Institute, FOUR PAWS, and Animals Asia, have called for stronger action by governments to tackle the significant threat of rabies posed by the brutal and often illegal dog and cat meat trade.

An estimated 50,000 – 70,000 people die of rabies globally every year, with approximately 90 percent of cases reported from Asia, and the campaigners including the Dog Meat-Free Indonesia coalition, the Asia Canine Protection Alliance, China’s Capital Animal Welfare Association and the RSPCA, warn that the global goal to end human rabies deaths by 2030 will be impossible to achieve without a robustly enforced ban on the dog meat trade.

The organisations, representing groups from across China, Hong Kong, Vietnam, the Philippines, Indonesia, India, Cambodia, Singapore, Taiwan as well as Europe, the United Kingdom and the United States, are highlighting the significant role that the dog meat trade can play in spreading the lethal rabies virus throughout Asia, across countries, islands and provinces and into densely-populated cities. The World Health Organization and the Global Alliance for Rabies Control have both acknowledged the link between the spread of rabies and the dog meat trade, which sees large numbers of dogs of unknown disease status moved vast distances. The trade operates in breach of rabies control recommendations by all leading human and animal health experts including FAO, OIE, WHO and PAHO¹, as well as national disease control and animal welfare laws and regulations.

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There is considerable evidence spanning decades from throughout Asia of the link between the dog meat trade and rabies transmission. Studies from Vietnam², China³ and Indonesia⁴ have proven that rabies-positive dogs and carcasses often appear in markets and slaughterhouses — as high as 16.4 percent in Vietnam⁵ – and the movement of different strains of the rabies virus in dogs being traded for human consumption has also been tracked. There have also been a number of human rabies deaths directly linked to slaughtering, butchering, handling and even consumption of meat from infected dogs. For example in Vietnam, a 2007 rabies outbreak in Ba Vi saw 30 percent of human deaths linked to exposure during the slaughter and butchery of dogs⁶. And in the same year, research conducted in markets in Indonesia’s North Sulawesi province demonstrated that between 7.8 and 10.6 percent of dogs being sold for human consumption were infected with rabies⁷.

Professor Louis Nel of Global Alliance for Rabies Control says: “We may not be able to easily change culture or habit, but we should ensure compliance with proven animal disease prevention measures and stop the smuggling of dogs to limit the spread of rabies, an endemic disease across Asia. These traders are driven solely by profit and are disregarding the risks to human and animal health.”

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States commented in an email to a Dog Meat-Free Indonesia campaigner: “There are reports that dog-meat markets have a higher rate of rabies than the general dog population, as people often sell dogs to the markets when they act sick; some of these sick dogs have rabies.… Furthermore, there are at least three published reports of humans acquiring rabies from activities associated with the dog meat market, emphasizing that the risk is very real.”

The U.S. House of Representatives voted this month to ban the trade of dog and cat meat in the United States.

The groups signing the open letter want governments to not just implement bans on the dog meat trade, but to also take action to ensure these bans are enforced. In the Philippines for example, the trade is banned by law but the consumption of dog meat persists. The Philippines has consistently failed to get to grips with its spiralling rabies crisis.

In Vietnam, Hanoi’s Vice Mayor Nguyen Van Suu recently urged residents to stop eating dog meat because consuming the meat could lead to the spread of diseases like rabies and leptospirosis. The move is part of a nationwide program to stamp out rabies by 2021, but Humane Society International/Vietnam director, Tham Thi Hong Phuong, says the country needs actions not just advertising campaigns.

Phuong says: “We estimate that around 20,000 dogs are transported every month from the south to the north of Vietnam for slaughter, creating an easy way for rabies to be spread across the country. It’s encouraging to see the Hanoi authorities publicly acknowledge the risk and commit to banning the trade from central districts in Hanoi by 2021, but if they are serious about tackling rabies, they need to get serious about stamping out the dog meat trade across the whole country.”

In Indonesia, although the central government made a public pledge in July this year to ban the dog and cat meat trades, the Dog Meat-Free Indonesia coalition is still waiting for Ministers to act, and says that some provincial governments are utterly failing to take the rabies risk or extreme animal cruelty seriously at all.

Lola Webber from Change for Animals Foundation, says: “It is estimated that just 7 percent of Indonesia’s population consume dog meat, but the trade continues to jeopardise the health and safety of the entire nation. It is no coincidence that the provinces and regencies with the greatest demand for dog meat are also those with the highest prevalence of rabies, with devastating societal, economic and animal welfare impacts. Attempts to maintain rabies-free statuses of cities and provinces, and to control and eliminate rabies where rabies is still present, will fail without addressing the trade in dogs for human consumption.”

The DMFI’s campaign for a ban in Indonesia has received high-profile support from global and Indonesian celebrities including Cameron Diaz, Chelsea Islan, Simon Cowell and Ellen DeGeneres, all calling for urgent action to protect animals and people.

In the Kingdom of Cambodia, rabies remains a major public health burden, killing more than 800 people every year. Dr. Katherine Polak from FOUR PAWS explains, “To put it in perspective, the annual incidence of human deaths from rabies in Cambodia is about six per 100,000 citizens. This is comparable to the annual incidence of road deaths in the entire European Union⁸ in the mid-2000s. In a country with no national program to address rabies and limited post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), tackling the dog meat trade would be one of the simplest, cheapest, and high-impact interventions the government could take. In neighboring Thailand, we applaud the actions taken by the Thai Department of Livestock to stop the illegal transport of dogs for meat.”

Animals Asia Founder and CEO, Jill Robinson MBE said: “It is time for Asia to finally wake up to the true cost of the dog meat trade. It is a public health emergency directly responsible for thousands of deaths every year due to the spread of rabies. This is one industry every country can do without. No meal is worth so many innocent lives.”

An estimated 30 million dogs are killed each year across Asia for the meat trade. The groups’ open letter concludes:

“Based on mounting evidence from throughout Asia and on decades of experience in successful rabies elimination programs from around the world, it is undeniable that the dog meat trade and rabies elimination efforts are incompatible, and that cities and countries around the world will never be able to maintain rabies-free statuses without addressing the trade in dogs for human consumption. We, the global animal protection community, therefore call on the national and regional governments of all countries where the dog meat trade is prevalent to take strong and urgent actions to end the trade in dogs for human consumption and the sale and consumption of such meat and associated products. If we are serious about eradicating human rabies deaths, we have a global responsibility to end the dog and cat meat trade for good.”

ENDS

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Signatories to the letter are:

• Ananta Jyoti Dhayn Kendra
• Andhra Pradesh Goshalala Federation
• Animal Friends Jogja
• Animal Friends Manado
• Animal Kingdom Foundation
• Animal Liberation Sanctuary
• Animal Rescue Cambodia
• Animal Rights Committee of Georgia
• Animal Rights Hawaii
• Animal Sanctuary Trust Indonesia
• Animals Asia Foundation
• Bali Animal Welfare Association
• Bharatiya Prani Mitra Sangh, Hyderabad
• Blue Cross of Hyderabad
• British Hen Welfare Trust
• Capital Animal Welfare Association (China)
• Change for Animals Foundation
• Coexistence of Animal Rights on Earth
• Community Dog Welfare
• Compassion Works International
• CPR Environmental Education Centre
• Department of Livestock Services – Bangladesh
• Djurrättsalliansen (The Animal Rights Alliance)
• Dog Meat Free Indonesia
• Dogstop
• Environment & Animal Society of Taiwan
• Federation of Indian Animal Protection Organisation (FIAPO)
• FLIGHT
• FOUR PAWS International
• Free the Bears
• Friends of the Orangutans
• GAIA (Voice of the Voiceless)
• Help Animals India
• HERD
• Himalayan Animal Rescue Trust
• Hollow Logs
• Humane Society International
• Instituto Pasteur de São Paulo
• International Animal & Birds Welfare Society
• International Otter Survival Fund
• International Primate Protection League
• Jakarta Animal Aid Network (JAAN)
• Japan Anti-Vivisection Association
• JBF (India) Trust
• Korea Animal Rights Advocates
• Korean Alliance for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
• Landmark Foundation
• Life Conservationist Association
• Love Animal House Thailand
• moonbears.org
• Nepal Street Animal Rescue
• Nowzad Dogs
• Orangutan Aid
• PAWS for Compassion – Vietnam
• Pecinta Hewan Surabaya
• People for Animals, Trivandrum
• PETA Asia 亚洲善待动物组织
• Philippine Pet Birth Control Foundation, Inc.
• Plants and Animals Welfare Society (PAWS Asia)
• Pro Natura Foundation
• Sahabat Anjing Surakarta
• Sahayog Organisation, Andhra Pradesh Goshalala Federation, Hyderabad
• Sanctuary for Health & Reconnection to Animals & Nature
• Scorpion Foundation Indonesia
• Showing Animals Respect and Kindness
• Society for the Protection of Animals Ljubimci
• Society for Travelers Respecting Animal Welfare (STRAW)
• Stray Relief and Animal Welfare
• Sun Bear Centre – Kalimantan
• Taiwan SPCA台灣防止虐待動物協會
• The Cattitude Trust – Chennai
• The Jane Goodall Institute – Global
• The Kerulos Center Elephant Liberation
• The Kerulos Center Science in Service to Animals
• Vietnam Cat Welfare
• Voice for dogs abroad
• VShine (China)
• Wild Futures
• Wildlife Alliance
• Wildlife Salvation
• Working for Animals
• Zhuzhou Small Animal Protection (China)
• Zoocheck Inc.

MEDIA CONTACTS BY COUNTRY:

• Lola Webber, Change for Animals Foundation – Indonesia – Lolawebber@changeforanimals.org, +62 813 3740 8768
• Wendy Higgins, Humane Society International – UK, Vietnam, China, Philippines, India – whiggins@hsi.org, +44 (0)7989 972 423
• Katherine Polak, FOUR PAWS International – Cambodia/ Thailand – Katherine.polak@four-paws.us, +660987077421
• Maya Gottfried, Animals Asia – United States – mgottfried@animalsasia.org, +1 347-885-9051
• Nancy Hwa, Humane Society International – United States – nhwa@hsi.org, +1 202-676-2337

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¹Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States; World Organisation for Animal Health; World Health Organisation; Pan American Health Organization.

²Nguyen, A. K. T., Nguyen, D. V., Ngo, G. C., Nguyen, T. T., Inoue, S., Yamad, A., Dinh, X. K., Nguyen, D. V., Phan, T. X., Pham, B. Q., Nguyen, H. T., Nguyen, H. T. H. (2011). Molecular epidemiology of rabies virus in Vietnam (2006–2009). Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases, 64, 391-396.

³Hu, R. L., Fooks, A. R., Zhang, S. F., Liu, Y., Zhang, F. (2007). Inferior rabies vaccine quality and low immunisation coverage in dogs (Canis familiaris) in China. Epidemiol. Infect., 136, 1556-1563.

⁴Adiani & Tangkere (2007), “Rabies Case Study On Dog’s Head (Canis Familiaris) In Manado, Airmadidi & Langowan Wet Markets

⁵Nguyen, A. K. T., Nguyen, D. V., Ngo, G. C., Nguyen, T. T., Inoue, S., Yamad, A., Dinh, X. K., Nguyen, D. V., Phan, T. X., Pham, B. Q., Nguyen, H. T., Nguyen, H. T. H. (2011). Molecular epidemiology of rabies virus in Vietnam (2006–2009). Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases, 64, 391-396.

⁶Hampson, K., 2009. Mission Report: Vietnam. WHO (unpublished)

⁷Adiani & Tangkere (2007), “Rabies Case Study On Dog’s Head (Canis Familiaris) In Manado, Airmadidi & Langowan Wet Markets

⁸ERSO. Annual statistical report [Internet]. European road safety observatory. 2008. Available at: http://www. webcitation.org/6XebZzMOP. (Accessed 2015 Apr 9). https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jtm.12228